Yvain (Arthurian knight)

Prose Merlin

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) takes part in narrative at "gain engcnra il Yvain" (Prose Merlin > Tome I > Page 161)

  "quieneutYvain. gain engcnra il Yvain le fiP au roi Uriien. Li rois

s'em parti des noches"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) moves through scene in context "Quant vint Elle met" (Prose Merlin > Tome I > Page 218)

  "d'ingromanchie et Fart. Quant vint

Elle met au au terme de l'enfanter, elle ot un enfant"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is part of narrative development at "1 OUTES ces paroles" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 171)

  "veult ensi faire.

1 OUTES ces paroles que Morgue avoit dites a la da- moisele ot bien"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is part of narrative development at "Et quant Yvains voit" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 171)

  "ferir d'espee. » Et quant Yvains voit que la chose est a mais ivain. son che venue que sa"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is referenced in Old French passage beginning "Yvains ses heus, qui se" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 171)

  "ot bien entendu Yvains ses heus, qui se gisoitsi près d'illuec qu'il n'avoit entr'eus"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) features in narrative clause within text beginning "Yvains voit que la chose" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 171)

  "d'espee. » Et quant Yvains voit que la chose est a mais ivain. son che venue que sa mère"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) attends assembly near "Et vous, Yvains, qui" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "la ne l'i mande. Et vous, Yvains, qui estes mes niés et qui

trahison de Mor- issistes de"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) attends assembly near "Yvain s'afflige, VOUANT Yvaius" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "commencheroit tart. »

Yvain s'afflige, VOUANT Yvaius entent ceste parole, il est si"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks in context "Et quant il sont" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "dusques a son hostel. Et quant il sont venu dusques a son hos- tel en la chambre Yvain,"

• relationship: Yvain (Arthurian knight) addresses Holy man (Prose Merlin): "se vous vau- sissiés ore tant faire por la moie a" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "biaus cousins, » dist Ywains, « se vous vau- sissiés ore tant faire por la moie amour que"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks: "je ne sai orendroit chose que je desiraisse autan" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "« Oil, certes, » che dist Yvains; « je ne sai orendroit chose que je desiraisse autant"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) engages in armed combat near "Et cil montent mainte-" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "viegnent avoec eus. Et cil montent mainte- nant, puisqu'il en ont le commandement de lour"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) makes a statement in text beginning "Yvain, Gavains le commenche trop" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "tel en la chambre Yvain, Gavains le commenche trop biel a reconforter et li dist : « Ha!"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) makes a statement in text beginning "Yvains; « je ne sai" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "certes, » che dist Yvains; « je ne sai orendroit chose que je desiraisse autant comme"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) makes a statement in text beginning "Ywains, « se vous vau-" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "cousins, » dist Ywains, « se vous vau- sissiés ore tant faire por la moie amour que vous"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) features in narrative clause within text beginning "Ywain tout i " doux" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 183)

  "manière de l'osiel Ywain tout i " doux cou- quatre, li dui signour et li dui escuiier. Et"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) attends assembly near "Et Ywains descent maintenant" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "faite. Et Ywains descent maintenant qu'il la voit et vient celé part, puis s'agenoille"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks: "jelevic antana un tornoiement ou je estoie escuii" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "Morhous? »« Oil, » fait Ywains : ils le rcconnaib- « jelevic antana un tornoiement ou je"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) responds in dialogue within text beginning "Ywains : ils le rcconnaib-" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "»« Oil, » fait Ywains : ils le rcconnaib- « jelevic antana un tornoiement ou je estoie"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) narrative continues with "ieus li ait et" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "s'agenoille et dist, se Dieus li ait et li saint, qu'il n'enterra mais en la court avant"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) narrative continues with "le dont il ne" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "ne li amainne tele dont il ne se puist escondire. Et quant il afaitcestui sercment si"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) narrative continues with "i dui escuiicr, il" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "bien entendu et li dui escuiicr, il remontent et se metent en la forest et chevauchent"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks: "il fu au Morhout, que li vie maint jor porter a s" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "« Oil, certes, » che dist Ywains : « il fu au Morhout, que li vie maint jor porter a son"

• relationship: Yvain (Arthurian knight) addresses Morholt (Irish knight): "car cil dui chevalier qui chi sont armet ks garde" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "Si en euussent, » che dist Yvains ; « car cil dui chevalier qui chi sont armet ks"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) makes a statement in text beginning "Yvains ; « car cil" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 184)

  "euussent, » che dist Yvains ; « car cil dui chevalier qui chi sont armet ks gardent, si"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks: "Vous irés avant et g'irai après;" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 185)

  "avoient del Morhout. Mais li chevalier qui les gardoient ne s'en remuèrent onques, ains"

• attribution: Yvain (Arthurian knight) described as possessing valor near "Si drois est es" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 185)

  "et tem- peste . Si drois est es archons et si bien seans que Gavains qui le voit venir"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) involved in chivalric action near "Et Yvains li respont" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 185)

  "que il n'est. » Et Yvains li respont : « Se vous saviés comme il est preus as armes, vous"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) makes a statement in text beginning "Yvain son cousin : u" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 185)

  "voit venir dist a Yvain son cousin : u Certes, or veés chi venir un chevalier qui porroit"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) travels in passage beginning "236 Lor[sJ s'en vint" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 186)

  "point et en lieu. »

236

Lor[sJ s'en vint a Gavain et a Ywain, et il counissoii ja bien"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is part of narrative development at "Et quant Ywains le" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 186)

  "Gauvain. Morhout. Et quant Ywains le voit, il li vait a l'encontre

l"n Ions combat i-^"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is present in movement scene within text beginning "Ywain, et il counissoii ja" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 186)

  "vint a Gavain et a Ywain, et il counissoii ja bien que il n'estoient mie del pais, mais"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) features in narrative clause within text beginning "Ywains le voit, il li" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 186)

  "Morhout. Et quant Ywains le voit, il li vait a l'encontre

l"n Ions combat i-^ ■\t i«- .•"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks in context "Et quant Gavains voit" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 187)

  "les os desrompus. Et quant Gavains voit Ywain son cousin a terre, il en est moult dolans,"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) engages in armed combat near "Mais de tant li" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 187)

  "fait les autres. Mais de tant li avint il bien qu'il ne fu pas gram- ment blechiés au"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) engages in armed combat near "Et quant Yvains, qui" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 191)

  "chose qui ait esté. Et quant Yvains, qui trop faisoit grant duel pour son cousin, voit"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) is part of narrative development at "Vs2,UANT il se furent" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 191)

  "ambedui occhis.

Vs2,UANT il se furent entrefianchié compaignie ensi comme je vous di, il"

• relationship: Yvain (Arthurian knight) addresses Morholt (Irish knight): "Me sire Gavains, descendes, et vous et me sire Yw" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 194)

  "l'iauede bien haut. Quant il vienent près de la fontainne si qu^il en voient Tiaue courre"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) features in narrative clause within text beginning "Ywains, et alons veoir la" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 194)

  "vous et me sire Ywains, et alons veoir la fontainne la ou elle sour[t] lassus. Et je cuic"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) speaks: "Damoisele, je sui li pires chevaliers de nous Pen" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 196)

  "fait li Morhous. Et me sire Yvains saut avant et

dist : « Damoisele, je sui li pires"

• attribution: Yvain (Arthurian knight) described as possessing beauty near "Et me sire Gavains" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 196)

  "d'un chevalier. » Et me sire Gavains dist adont :

c Me sire Yvains, biaus cousins, vous"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) involved in chivalric action near "Lors dient li chevalier" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 196)

  "de grant biauté.

Lors dient li chevalier as damoiseles : a Comment le ferons nous de"

• attestation: Yvain (Arthurian knight) engages in armed combat near "Lors montent les damoiseles" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 196)

  "dusqu'a la compaignie. Lors montent les damoiseles et li chevalier autressi et li"

• attribution: Yvain (Arthurian knight) described as possessing beauty near "Et lors redist a" (Prose Merlin > Tome II > Page 196)

  "se Dieu plaist. Et lors redist a mon signeur Yvain : « Biaus cousins, vous entrés en"

Sir Perceval of Galles

• attestation: Perceval met three knights of Arthur's court: Ywain son of Urien, Gawain, and Kay (Sir Perceval of Gales > Section 4)

  "One was Ewayne fytz Asoure, AnoJ)er was Gawayne witA hono«r, And Kay, )e bolde baratonr, And all were of his kyn."

Ywain and Gawain

• attestation: Ywain and Gawain were knights of the Round Table (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1-150)

  "þai war knightes of þe tabyl rownde"

• attestation: Sir Dedyne, Sir Segramore, Sir Gawain, Sir Kay, Sir Ywain, and Colgrevance sat guarding the chamber door (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1-150)

  "Sir Dedyne and sir Segramore, Sir Gawayn and sir Kay sat þore, And also sat þare sir Ywaine And Colgrevance of mekyl mayn"

• relationship: Ywain declared Colgrevance his cousin-german and vowed to avenge his defeat (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 301-450)

  "'fou ert my cosyn jermayne:"

• attestation: Ywain was displeased by the king's plan, fearing Kay or Gawain would claim the battle (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 451-600)

  "Mysliked none bot syr Ywayne. To himself he made grete mane. For he wald have went allane"

• attestation: Ywain secretly departed alone before the king's company, ordering his squire to saddle his war-horse and bring his best armor (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 451-600)

  "'60 swith and sadel my palfray. And so þou do my Strang stede And tak with þe my best wede"

• attestation: Ywain rode through many mountains and wildernesses until he found the narrow path with thorns and briars (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 451-600)

  "He passed many high mowntayne In wildernes and mony a playne. Til he come to fat leþir' sty"

• attestation: Ywain intended to seek the castle, the wild herdsman, the tree with birds, the chapel, the basin and the stone (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 451-600)

  "þe knyght and þe mayden meke; þe forest fast þan wald he seke And als þe karl of Kaymes kyn And þe wilde bestes with him, þe tre with briddes þareopon, þe chapel, þe bacyn and þe stone"

• attestation: Ywain poured water on the stone at the well, causing a storm (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "sone þe bacyn has he tane And kest water opon þe stane: And sone þare wex, withowten fayle, Wind and thonor and rayn and haile"

• attestation: Ywain fought the defending knight and cleft his helm and skull, mortally wounding him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "He clefe þe helme and þe hernpan. þe knyght wist, he was nere ded"

• attestation: Ywain pursued the wounded knight into his castle and was trapped between two portcullises (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "At aiþer entre was iwys Straytly wroght a portcnlis"

• attestation: The portcullis cut Ywain's horse in two and sheared off his spurs (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "Bytwyx him and his hinder arsoun > Thorgh sadel and stede it smate al down, His spores of his heles it schare"

• attestation: A damsel named Lunet came through a hidden door to help Ywain, recognizing him from Arthur's court (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "He herd byhind him in a wall A dore opend faire and wele, And þareout come a damysel"

• relationship: Lunet identified Ywain as the son of King Urien (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "þou ert þe kyng son Uriene, And pi name es sir Ywayne"

• attestation: Lunet gave Ywain a magic ring that made the wearer invisible (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "I sal lene þe here mi ring, Bot ȝelde it me at myne askyng"

• attestation: The castle inhabitants sought to avenge their lord whom Ywain had slain (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 601-750)

  "Seker it es, þat þou him slogh; My lady makes sorow ynogh And al his menze everilkane"

• attestation: Ywain remained invisible on the bed while the castle folk searched for him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 751-900)

  "Sir Ywaine saw ful wele al þat, And still opon þe bed he sat"

• attestation: Ywain fell deeply in love with the mourning lady despite having killed her husband (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 751-900)

  "Luf, þat es so mekil of mayne, Sare had wownded sir Ywayne"

• attestation: Ywain resolved to marry the lady or lose his life (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 751-900)

  "He sayd, he sold have hir to wive, Or els he sold lose his lyve"

• attestation: Lunet argued that the knight who slew the lady's husband was the better warrior and therefore a worthy match (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 901-1050)

  "þe knyght, pat lifes, es mare of maine þan ȝowre lord, þat was slayne"

• attestation: The lady eventually asked for the knight's identity and was told he was Sir Ywain, son of King Urien (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 901-1050)

  "'Madame', sho said, 'sir Ywayne; So gentil knight have ȝo noght sene. He es þe king son Uryene'"

• attestation: Lunet bathed Ywain and dressed him in scarlet trimmed with gold and a girdle of precious stones (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "Bilive sho gert syr Ywaine bath And cled him seþin in gude scarlet Forord wele and with gold fret"

• attestation: Ywain knelt before the lady and yielded himself to her will (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "On knese him set pan syr Ywaine: 'Madame, I ȝelde me ȝow untill Ever to be at ȝowre wyll"

• attestation: The lady forgave Ywain for killing her lord Salados because he submitted humbly (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "for I find þe so bowsum, þat pou wald pus to me cum. And for pou dose þe in my grace, I forgif þe pi trispase"

• attestation: Ywain declared his love for the lady, saying he had loved her since first sight (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "'Madame', he said, 'anis with- a luke Al my hert with þe pou toke; Sen I first of þe had syght. Have I þe lufed with al my might"

• attestation: The lady asked if Ywain would defend her land against King Arthur and his knights (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "'Dar þou wele undertake In my land pese forto make And forto maintene al mi rightes Ogayns king Arthure and his knyghtes?'"

• attribution: All observers said Ywain was so fair he seemed worthy to be an emperor (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1051-1200)

  "'For his bewte in hal and bowre Him semes to be an emparowre"

• relationship: Ywain married the lady Alundyne, daughter of the Duke of Landuit (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "þare wedded Ywaine in plevyne þe riche lady Alundyne, 12ȝ5, þe dukes doghter of Landuit"

• attestation: Gawain defended Ywain against Kay's mockery (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "'Syr, for Goddes luf mercy! For I dar hete þe for sertayne, þat we sal here of sir Ywayne þis ilk day"

• attestation: Ywain unhorsed Kay, knocking his helm into the earth a foot deep (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "Sir Ywayn gan sir Kay bere Out of his sadel lenkith of his spere; His helm unto þe erth smate, A fote depe þarein yt bate"

• attestation: Ywain presented Kay's captured horse to King Arthur as a gift (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "Syr Kay stede he toke in hy And presand þe king ful curtaysly"

• attestation: Ywain revealed his identity to the king, who was overjoyed (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "'Lord', he sayd, 'I am Ywayne'. þan was þe king ferly fayne"

• relationship: Gawain was the dearest of all court members to Ywain (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1201-1350)

  "ful glad was sir Gawayne Of þe welefare of sir Ywayne; For nana was to him half so dere Of al, þat in þe court were"

• attestation: Gawain urged Ywain not to idle at home with his wife, saying a knight who abandons chivalry will be blamed (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1351-1500)

  "if þou ly at hame, Wonderly men wȝl þe blame, þat knyght es no thing to set by, þat leves al his jȝhevalry And ligges bekeand in his bed"

• attestation: Alundyne granted Ywain leave for one year, setting Saint John's Eve as the deadline for return (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1351-1500)

  "Al þis jere hale I ȝow grante"

• attestation: Alundyne warned that if Ywain failed to return by the twelvemonth's end, he would lose her love forever (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1351-1500)

  "if ȝ6 com noght by þat day, My luf sal ȝe lose for ay"

• attestation: Alundyne gave Ywain a protective ring that would prevent imprisonment, illness, blood loss, and capture in battle while he remained true in love (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "It es na preson, jow sal halde, Al if ȝowre fase be manyfalde; With sekenes sal ȝe noght be tane, Ne of iȝowre blode ȝe sal lese nane"

• attestation: Ywain and Gawain spent the twelve months in tournaments, winning great renown (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "Ful dughtily did sir Zwayne, And also did sir Gawayne; tai war ful doghty both infere, þai wan þe prise both fer and nere"

• attestation: Ywain forgot his wife and missed the deadline set by Alundyne (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "Sir Ywaine umbithoght him þan, He had forgeten his leman; 'Broken I have hir cumandment"

• attestation: Alundyne's messenger came to court and denounced Ywain as a traitor and false deceiver (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "He es ateyned for trayture, A fals and lither losenjoure: He has bytrayed my lady"

• attestation: The messenger took back Alundyne's ring from Ywain's finger (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "Sho stirt to him with sterne loke, þe ring fro his finger sho toke"

• attestation: Ywain went mad with grief and fled into the forest like a wild beast (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1501-1650)

  "An evyl toke him, als he stode: For wa he wex al wilde and wode. Unto þe wod þe way he nome"

• attestation: An ermite provided bread and water for the mad Ywain through his window out of charity (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "for him thoght it charite, Out at his window set he Brede and. water for þe wode man"

• attestation: Ywain brought raw venison to the hermit daily, who cooked it and sold the skins for better bread (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "þe ermyt toke þe flesh onane; He flogh it and seth it fayre and wele"

• attestation: A lady and two attendants found Ywain sleeping naked under a tree and recognized him by a wound scar (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "sho saw a wonde; Bot it was heled and hale of hew: tarby, hir thoght, þat sho him knew"

• attestation: The maiden identified the sleeping man as Sir Ywain, the best knight on earth, driven mad by sorrow (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Here have we funden sir Ywayne, Pe best knyght, þat on grund mai ga"

• attestation: The maiden anointed Ywain's head and entire body with the ointment and left clothing beside him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Sho enoynt hys heved wele And his body ilka dele; Sho despended al þe unement"

• attestation: The maiden used all the ointment, exceeding her lady's instructions (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Sho despended al þe unement Over hir ladies cumandment"

• attestation: When Ywain woke he had recovered his wits but was too weak to stand (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Him failed might of fote and hand, þat he myght nowþer ga ne stand"

• attestation: The maiden pretended not to have seen Ywain and offered to help him to a town (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Sho lete, als sho him noght had sene Ne wetyn, þat he þare had bene"

• attestation: Ywain lived as a madman in the forest for many years (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "þis life led he ful fele ȝere"

• attestation: The hermit provided barley bread with chaff and water for the wild man (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1651-1800)

  "Barly-brede with al þe chaf"

• attestation: The maiden threw the ointment box into the water from a bridge and lied to her lady about losing it (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1801-1950)

  "Into þe water þe'-boist 8ho cast"

• attestation: Ywain fought for the castle's defense, killing many of the earl's men and routing them (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1801-1950)

  "He stird him so omang pam pan, At ilka dint he slogh a man"

• attestation: Ywain overtook the fleeing earl and forced him to surrender and make peace with the lady (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1801-1950)

  "He galde him sone to sir Ywayn, And sone he has his trowth plyght"

• attestation: The lady offered Ywain her lands and herself as wife, but he refused and departed (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1801-1950)

  "I wil ȝelde into ȝowre handes Myne awyn body and al my landes"

• attestation: Ywain found a dragon attacking a lion and chose to rescue the lion (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "þan was he war of a dragoun, Had asayled a wilde lyoun"

• attestation: Ywain slew the dragon by striking it through the throat and cutting the tail in two (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "Sunder strake he þe throte-boll, þat fra þe body went þe cholL"

• attestation: The rescued lion showed gratitude by bowing at Ywain's feet and licking them (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "Down on þe grund he set him oft, His forþerfete he held oloft And thanked þe knyght, als he kowth"

• attestation: The lion followed Ywain faithfully and hunted for him, bringing back a doe (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "Sone he met a barayn da, And ful sone he gan liir sla"

• attestation: The lion guarded Ywain and his horse all night while they camped in the forest (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "Al nyght þe lyon obout ȝede To kepe his mayster and his stede"

• attestation: Ywain and the lion travelled together for a fortnight in the forest (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 1951-2100)

  "þe lyon and þe knyght Lended þare a fouretenyght"

• attestation: Ywain discovered Lunet imprisoned in the chapel, accused of treason for counseling her lady to marry him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2101-2250)

  "Men me bikalles of tresown"

• attestation: Lunet named Gawain and Ywain as the only two knights who would help her, but neither could be found (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2101-2250)

  "þe tane of þam hat syr Gawayn, And þe toþer hat syr Ywayn"

• attestation: Ywain vowed to fight all three accusers the next morning for Lunet's sake (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2101-2250)

  "I sal be redy forto fyght To-morn with þam al thre"

• attestation: Ywain agreed to fight the giant for Gawain's sake, on condition the fight occur before prime (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2251-2400)

  "for Gawayn sake þis batayl wil I undertake Porto fyght with þe geant"

• attestation: Gawain's sister and her daughter knelt before Ywain in gratitude (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2251-2400)

  "On knese þai fel doun to his fete And thanked him with wordes swete"

• attestation: Ywain promised to fight the giant on condition the fight happen before prime so he could attend another duty (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2251-2400)

  "Yif he cum at swilk a time. So þat we may fight by prime. No langer may I tent þarto"

• attestation: Ywain fought the giant, whose armor was only bull-skin, and the lion joined the fight (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2401-2550)

  "Was noght bet of a bul-skyn"

• attestation: Ywain slew the giant by cutting off his left cheek and shoulder, then striking him to the heart (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2401-2550)

  "He smate oway al his left jJieke, His sholder als of gan he kleke"

• attestation: After killing the giant, Ywain rushed to the chapel where Lunet was about to be burned (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2401-2550)

  "þe neghest way þan gan he wele. Until he come to þe chapele. þare he fand a mekil fire"

• attestation: Ywain defeated the remaining two accusers and cast them both into the fire (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "þai ȝald þam sone to sir Ywayn And þarof war þe folk ful fayne) And sone quit to þam þaire hire; For both he kest þam in þe fire"

• attestation: Ywain reconciled Lunet with her lady Alundyne after the trial (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "he made þe ȝaghtelynjg) Bitwene hyr and þe riche lady"

• attestation: Alundyne did not recognize Ywain and he identified himself only as the Knight with the Lion (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "'Madame', he said, 'bi Saint Symoun, I hat þe knight with þe lyoun'"

• attestation: Ywain secretly addressed Alundyne as the lock and key of all his joy and woe (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "'fou ert þe lok and kay also Of al my wele and al my wo'"

• attestation: Lunet conveyed Ywain from the castle and he asked her to work toward reconciliation with his lady (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "Late and arly pou do pi might With speche unto my lady fre Forto mak hir frende with me"

• attestation: The wounded lion was carried on Ywain's shield as they departed (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "Sir Ywayn puld gres in þe felde And made a kouche opon his shelde; I'areon his lyoun laid he þare"

• attestation: Ywain and his lion were healed at a castle by two maidens skilled in medicine who were the lord's daughters (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "Twa maydens with him þai laft, þat wele war lered of lechecraft: Pe lordes doghters both þai wore"

• attestation: Ywain pronounced judgment that whoever judges wrongly shall receive the same judgment (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "'Wha juges men with wrang, i'e same jugement sal pal fang'"

• attestation: All the people at the scene prayed for Ywain's victory against the three accusers (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2551-2700)

  "þat war þare forto se þat sight, Praied ful fast ay for þe knight"

• attestation: The younger sister sought the Knight with the Lion to champion her cause (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2701-2850)

  "Sho thoght to seke by frith and fell þe knyght, þat sho herd þam of tell"

• attestation: Gawain's sister and her family told the court how the Knight with the Lion had slain a giant and saved them from prison (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2701-2850)

  "How þe knyght with þe lyoune Delivred þam out of presowne"

• attestation: The messenger found Ywain and asked him to champion the younger sister's inheritance claim (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2851-3000)

  "Men dose to hir ful grete outrage, tai wald hir reve hyr heritage"

• attestation: Ywain and the maiden came to the Castle of Heavy Sorrow where locals warned them away (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2851-3000)

  "Until a kastel, þat was cald þe castel of þe hevy sorow"

• attestation: Inside the castle, Ywain found many maidens working silk and gold wire in poor clothing, weeping and starving (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 2851-3000)

  "many maidens þare he sese Wirkand silk and gold- wire; Bot þai war al in pover atire"

• attestation: Ywain was entertained by a lord whose daughter was reading a romance aloud under a tree (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "f e mayden red, at þai myght here, A real romance in pat place"

• attestation: The lord of the castle informed Ywain that by custom any knight who lodged there must fight the two champions (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "Here sal cum na knyght, þat lie ne sal with twa champions fight"

• attestation: The lord offered his daughter and heritage to Ywain if he won, but Ywain declined marriage (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "þan sal þou have al þis honoure And my doghter in mariage And also al myne heritage'"

• attestation: The champions demanded the lion be removed or Ywain must yield as defeated (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "Do pi lioun out of pis place, For to us makes he grete manace. Or ȝelde þe til us als creant'"

• attestation: Ywain locked his lion in a chamber and faced the two champions alone (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "Sir Ywain led þan his lioun Intil a chamber to presoun"

• attestation: Ywain declared the champions looked like devil's sons (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "'By him, me boght, Ye seme wele þe devils sons, For I saw never swilk champions'"

• attestation: Ywain refused to give up his daughter or take the champions' offered reward (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "fi doghter sal þou have for me; For a king or ane emparoure May hir wed with grete honoure'"

• attestation: Ywain heard mass of the Holy Ghost in the chapel before attempting to leave (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3001-3150)

  "þare þai herd a mes in haste, Pat was sayd of þe haly gaste"

• attestation: The lion pulled one champion to the ground, and Ywain beheaded the other while he stooped to help his comrade (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "Sir Ywain with his brand was beun And strake his nek-bane right insonder"

• attestation: Ywain refused the lord's daughter and insisted on freeing all the captive maidens (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "al pir prisons may pas fre: God has granted me pis chance, I have made paire delyverance'"

• attestation: The freed maidens departed in pairs, blessing the time Ywain was born (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "Twa and twa ay went pai samyn And made omang pam mikel gamyn"

• attestation: Ywain refused to stay or marry despite the lord's threats to imprison him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "If I lay pare al my live, I sal hir never wed to wive"

• attribution: The people said there was none like Ywain in all the world for prowess (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "'In pis werld es none slike', pai said"

• attestation: Ywain declined the lord's daughter, saying no king or emperor would be unworthy of her (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "Es no king ne emparoure Ne no man of so grete honowre, þat he ne might wed þat bird bright"

• attestation: The lord granted the maidens their freedom after Ywain's victory (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "I grant þe pam al quite"

• attestation: Ywain was so hard-pressed that neither champion took any wounds from his blows, as their shields absorbed everything (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3151-3300)

  "nowþer of þam na woundes laght; Kepe pam cowth þai wonder-wele, þat dintes derid þain never a dele"

• attestation: Ywain and his maiden companion traveled for a full week to reach the castle where the sick maiden lay (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3301-3450)

  "Sir Ywayn and his faire may Al þe sevenight traveld þai"

• attestation: Ywain also kept his identity secret and left the lion sleeping when he went to court (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3301-3450)

  "On slepe left þai his lyoune And wan þam wightly out of toun"

• attestation: The younger sister arrived with her champion just before the deadline expired (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3301-3450)

  "þai saw cum rideand over a hyll i'e ȝonger sister and hir knyght"

• attestation: The younger sister and her champion arrived just in time, having almost missed the deadline by a day (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3301-3450)

  "Had þai dwelt langer by a day, þan had sho lorn hir land for ay"

• attestation: When darkness forced them to stop, Ywain spoke first, praising his opponent's skill (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3451-3600)

  "With no man ȝit never I met, þat so wele kowth his strakes set"

• relationship: Ywain declared he loved Gawain more than any living man (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3601-3750)

  "I hat Ywayne, þat lufes þe more by se and sand þan any man, þat es lifand"

• attestation: Ywain secretly left the court and returned to the magic well, pouring water on the stone to raise the storm (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "He kest water opon þe stane: þe storm rase ful sone onane"

• attestation: Lunet told her lady that only the Knight with the Lion could defend the well, and that he required reconciliation with his own lady (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "He wald bileve with no lady Bot on þis kownand utterly, þat þai wald mak sertayn ath"

• attestation: Lunet rode to the well and found Ywain sitting under the thorn tree with his lion (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "Sir Ywain sat under þe thorn, And his lyoun lay him byforn"

• attestation: Lunet told Ywain that Alundyne must either be forsworn or make peace with him (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "Oper sal my lady be manesworn On relikes and bi bokes brade, Or els ȝe twa er frendes made'"

• attestation: Ywain was overjoyed at the news of possible reconciliation with Alundyne (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "Oir Ywain þan was wonder-glad kJ For þe tiþandes, þat he had"

• attestation: Lunet confirmed she had not revealed Ywain's identity to Alundyne (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "'Nay, þan war I to blame; þi name sho sal noglit wit for me, Til ȝe have kyssed and saghteld be'"

• attestation: The lion made great joy when it found its master, licking his hands and feet (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3751-3900)

  "How þat beste his bales to bete Likked his maister both hend and fete"

• attestation: Ywain apologized for breaking his term, admitting his folly, and vowed never to trespass again (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3901-4032)

  "Grete foly 1 did, þe soth to say. When þat I past my terme-day"

• attestation: Alundyne accepted Ywain's reconciliation and they kissed, ending his sorrows (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3901-4032)

  "sone in arms he gan hir tak And kissed hir ful oft-sith: Was he never are so blith"

• attestation: Ywain regained his lordship and lived in joy and bliss with his wife (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3901-4032)

  "Es turned now to syr Ywayn And has his lordship al ogayn; And so sir Ywain and his wive In joy and blis þai led þaire live"

• attestation: Lunet was honored by all, holding mastery next to the lord and lady, until death took them all (Ywain and Gawain > Lines 3901-4032)

  "Of alkins thing sho has maystri Next þe lord and þe lady; Al honord hir in toure and toun"