Norse

Poetic Edda

• attestation: The Norse poets used terms like 'Goth,' 'Hun,' 'Frank,' and 'Burgundian' without ethnic discrimination (The > part in a few of the Eddic poems. > Notes)

  "The North was very much in the dark as to the differences between Germans, Burgundians, Franks, Goths, and Huns, and used the words without much discrimination."

• attestation: Burning or burying slaves and beasts to accompany their masters in death was a general northern custom (The > part in a few of the Eddic poems. > Notes)

  "The burning or burying of slaves or beasts to accompany their masters in death was a general custom in the North."

• attestation: The punishment of drowning culprits in a bog was particularly reserved for women in Norse culture (The > part in a few of the Eddic poems. > Notes)

  "The punishment of casting a culprit into a bog to be drowned was particularly reserved for women, and is not infrequently mentioned in the sagas."

• attestation: Oar-loops are thongs that fastened oars to thole-pins in Norse boats, serving as the equivalent of modern oarlocks (The > part in a few of the Eddic poems. > Notes)

  "Oar-loops: the thongs by which the oars in a Norse boat were made fast to the thole-pins, the combination taking the place of the modern oarlock."

Völsunga Saga

• attestation: In Norse society there was no priestly class; every chief served as priest for his own people (The Story Of The Volsungs, (Volsunga Saga) > With Excerpts From The Poetic Edda > Introduction)

  "There was no priest-class; every chief was priest for his own folk, offered sacrifice, performed ceremonies, and so on."

Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx

• attestation: That answers to the description of the hairy satyr, and seems fairly well to satisfy the phonetics of the case, the words from which he derives the compound being fynney ^, ' hair,' and dashyr, ' a st (Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx > Volume I > Chapter IV: Manx Folklore)

  "That answers to the description of the hairy satyr, and seems fairly well to satisfy the phonetics of the case, the words from which he derives the compound being fynney ^, ' hair,' and dashyr, ' a stocking '; but as oashyr seems to come from the old Norse hosur, the plural of hosa, 'hose or stocking,' the ierva fenodyree cannot date before the coming of the Norsemen; and I am inclined to think the idea more Teutonic than Celtic."

• attestation: In the case, however, of old Norse literature, we come across the Fate there as one bearing a name which is perhaps cognate with the Welsh tynghed (Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx > Volume II > Chapter XII: Race in Folklore and Myth)

  "In the case, however, of old Norse literature, we come across the Fate there as one bearing a name which is perhaps cognate with the Welsh tynghed."